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NORTHEAST USA

Typical Podzol
A textbook Spodosol! Very distinct horizons: O-E-Bh-Bhs-Bs. These soils are more common on mid backslopes.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Three uprooting
A common disturbing agent in forested landscapes. Note the roots removed soil up from the Bs horizons given the orange colors of the material.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Spodosol colors
The varying colors demonstrate different concentrations and types of colouring soil compounds: Fe oxides and soil organic matter.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Roots holding soil aggregates
A nice demonstration of the interplay between roots and soil aggregates.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

A glacial erratic
This region was covered by ice up until 14.000 ago letting behind big boulders with contrasting lithology to the regional bedrock.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Forest floor covered by decaying leaves
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Fall colors
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

E Podzol
E podzols are sandy and heavily bleached soils, where most of Fe and DOC have migrated downslope via the process called "lateral podzolization".
These soils are found on upslopes at spots where water concentrates (e.g. small ravines, depressions) and promotes strong Fe, Al, and DOC illuviation.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
These soils are found on upslopes at spots where water concentrates (e.g. small ravines, depressions) and promotes strong Fe, Al, and DOC illuviation.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Bh podzol
The Bh podzol is the opposite of the E podzol. These soils are found mainly along streams on footslopes, receiving DOC-rich soil solutes from upslope.
These are thick, carbon-rich Spodosols, where the Bh horizon predominate.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire
These are thick, carbon-rich Spodosols, where the Bh horizon predominate.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Fall colors
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest - New Hampshire

Feldspar megacrysts in pegmatite!
Large feldspar and mica crystals in a pegmatite outcrop.
Freeport, Maine.
Freeport, Maine.

Mica megacryst in a pegmatite
A dark mica, likely biotite, in a pegmatite outcrop.
Freeport, Maine.
Freeport, Maine.

Honeycomb weathering on a metamorphic outcrop
This type of weathering pattern is often associated to salt weathering in combination with other abrasive forces, like wind and waves, common in coastal areas.
Freeport, Maine.
Freeport, Maine.

Lithologic contact!
A contact between a metamorphic rock (left) and a pegmatite. Outcrop exposed on a coastal area.
Freeport, Maine.
Freeport, Maine.

A basalt dike
A basalt dike cutting the metamorphic rock.
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